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Abstract Since its separation fromStauroneisin 1999, several new species ofCraspedostauroswere discovered in a variety of habitats and geographic locations, adding morphological and phylogenetic data to the investigations of the genus. In a survey of littoral diatoms of Sweden, both on the west and east coasts, two epiphytic stauros-bearing species were encountered and assigned toCraspedostaurosfollowing the characteristic features of this genus, including the possession of a stauros narrower than the central area and cribrate areolae. One species is described as new to science;Craspedostauros lateralissp. nov., and the other is of uncertain identity but bears morphological similarity toC. laevissimus.Caspedostauros lateralisis a marine epiphytic species found in the west coast of Sweden, off Gothenburg city. Based on light and electron microscopy, a detailed description of the morphological and ultrastructural features of these species is given and a comparison of the distinguishing characters with allied species is discussed. Some ecological data and the occurrence of associated species on the host macrophyte are provided.